Particle growth during the polymerization of olefins on supported catalysts. Part 2: current experimental understanding and modeling progresses on particle …

A Alizadeh, TFL McKenna - Macromolecular Reaction …, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
The morphology of the growing polymer particles is important in olefin polymerisation on
supported catalysts. It has a significant impact on the rate of mass and energy transport, and …

Gas‐Phase Polyethylene Reactors—A Critical Review of Modeling Approaches

RF Alves, T Casalini, G Storti… - Macromolecular …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Different approaches to modeling the gas phase polymerization of ethylene that have been
considered in the literature are reviewed. It is shown that while simple, well‐mixed models …

[HTML][HTML] Early-stage particle fragmentation behavior of a commercial silica-supported metallocene catalyst

S Zanoni, N Nikolopoulos, A Welle… - Catalysis Science & …, 2021 - pubs.rsc.org
Efficient fragmentation of catalyst particles during the polymerization of olefins is a
necessary process to maintain catalyst activity and obtain discrete polymer particles with …

Heterogeneity in the fragmentation of Ziegler catalyst particles during ethylene polymerization quantified by X-ray nanotomography

KW Bossers, R Valadian, J Garrevoet, S van Malderen… - JACS Au, 2021 - ACS Publications
Ziegler-type catalysts are the grand old workhorse of the polyolefin industry, yet their
hierarchically complex nature complicates polymerization activity–catalyst structure …

Role of Titanium in Ti/SiO2‐Supported Metallocene‐based Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Part 2: Particle Fragmentation

S Zanoni, N Nikolopoulos, A Welle, V Cirriez… - …, 2023 - Wiley Online Library
A commercial SiO2 modified by the addition of a TiO2 layer on its surface and pore walls
offers a support for metallocene‐based ethylene polymerization catalysts with a 35 …

[HTML][HTML] Heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts with various sizes of MgCl2 crystallites: synthesis and characterization

E Redzic, T Garoff, CC Mardare, M List, G Hesser… - Iranian Polymer …, 2016 - Springer
Abstract A MgCl 2-based Ziegler–Natta catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction
(XRD) patterns, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy …

Activation and in situ ethylene polymerization on silica-supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts

E Groppo, K Seenivasan, E Gallo, A Sommazzi… - ACS …, 2015 - ACS Publications
The structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of silica-supported Ziegler–Natta
catalysts industrially relevant for polyethylene production were investigated in detail by …

[HTML][HTML] Comparative study on kinetics of ethylene and propylene polymerizations with supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst: catalyst fragmentation promoted by polymer …

Z Zhang, B Jiang, F He, Z Fu, J Xu, Z Fan - Polymers, 2019 - mdpi.com
The kinetic behaviors of ethylene and propylene polymerizations with the same MgCl2-
supported Ziegler–Natta (Z–N) catalyst containing an internal electron donor were …

Systematic Comparison of Slurry and Gas‐Phase Polymerization of Ethylene: Part I Thermodynamic Effects

A Alizadeh, V Touloupidis… - Macromolecular Reaction …, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract The Sanchez–Lacombe model is used to investigate the multiphase and
multicomponent thermodynamic equilibrium during ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1 …

Perspectives on Polyolefin Catalysis in Microfluidics for High-Throughput Screening: A Minireview

MK Sharma, RL Hartman - Energy & Fuels, 2022 - ACS Publications
Polyolefins are the largest produced plastics in the world, wherein continuous stirred tank
reactors and fluidized bed reactors are traditionally employed for commercial production …