The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

In-cell structural biology aims at extracting structural information about proteins or nucleic
acids in their native, cellular environment. This emerging field holds great promise and is …

Alterations in the regulation of gene expression are frequently associated with
developmental diseases or cancer. Transcription activation is a key phenomenon in the …

Proteins carry out a wide variety of catalytic, regulatory, signalling and structural functions in
living systems. Following their assembly on ribosomes and throughout their lifetimes, most …

Phase separation can concentrate biomolecules and accelerate reactions. However, the
mechanisms and principles connecting this mesoscale organization to signaling dynamics …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many
noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic genomes. Although Pol II is a complex, 12-subunit enzyme, it …

Living organisms depend on timely and organized interactions between proteins linked in
interactomes of high complexity. The recent increased precision by which protein …

A proteoform is a defined form of a protein derived from a given gene with a specific amino
acid sequence and localized post‐translational modifications. In top‐down proteomic …

The MobiDB (URL: mobidb. bio. unipd. it) database of protein disorder and mobility
annotations has been significantly updated and upgraded since its last major renewal in …

Phosphorylation is the most common post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes,
occurring particularly frequently in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). These proteins …