Costs of migration, in terms of time, energy, and mortality risk, have a strong theoretical and
empirical foundation in the study of birds. We expect these costs to be most severe for …

Flexibility in scheduling varies throughout an organism's annual cycle, reflecting relative
temporal constraints and fitness consequences among life-history stages. Time-selection …

In the annual cycle of migratory birds, temporal and energetic constraints can lead to carry‐
over effects, in which performance in one life history stage affects later stages. Bar‐tailed …

While avian migration timing is clearly influenced by both breeding and non-breeding
geography, it is challenging to identify the relative and interdependent roles of endogenous …

The southward migration strategies of shorebirds remain poorly understood in the East
Asian-Australasian Flyway, yet understanding such strategies is critical to shorebird …

Methods to obtain moult data from wild birds have not changed much over the last century
and most studies still depend on checking museum specimens or capturing birds. Here we …

In migratory animals, high mobility may reduce population structure through increased
dispersal and enable adaptive responses to environmental change, whereas rigid migratory …

Moult is an important maintenance activity that should be carefully timed within the annual
cycle. Many birds perform a pre-alternate moult of body feathers some time prior to the …

Nuptial ornament diversity was studied in 1814 individual male Ruffs that were caught in
their spring staging areas in Friesland, The Netherlands. Ornaments (hereafter called …

In migratory birds, high mobility may reduce population structure through increased
dispersal and enable adaptive responses to environmental change, whereas rigid migratory …