The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the
blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in …

Effective myocardial function depends primarily on oxidative energy production. In humans,
at a heart rate of 60 to 70 beats per minute, the oxygen consumption normalized per gram of …

Networks of blood vessels in normal and tumour tissues have heterogeneous structures,
with widely varying blood flow pathway lengths. To achieve efficient blood flow distribution …

Direct intercellular communication via gap junctions is critical in the control and coordination
of vascular function. In the cardiovascular system, gap junctions are made up of one or more …

Breast cancer and melanoma cells commonly metastasize to the brain using homing
mechanisms that are poorly understood. Cancer patients with brain metastases display poor …

The field of hemichannels is closely related to the purinergic signaling and both areas have
been growing in parallel. Hemichannels open in response to a wide range of stressful …

Blood vessels are composed of two primary cell types, endothelial cells and smooth muscle
cells, each providing a unique contribution to vessel function. Signaling between these two …

The vascular endothelium plays a vital role during embryogenesis and aging and is a cell
monolayer that lines the blood vessels. The immune system recognizes the endothelium as …

In normal brain, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, the most abundant and active
cells express pannexins and connexins, protein subunits of two families forming membrane …

Inflammation may be caused by a variety of factors and is a hallmark of a plethora of acute
and chronic diseases. The purpose of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cell injury …