The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a subcortical brain region that exerts control over
motivated behavior, feeding, and energy balance across species. Recent single-cell …

Cortical layer 6b is considered by many to be a remnant of the subplate that forms during
early stages of neocortical development, but its role in the adult is not well understood. Its …

Habits are automatic, inflexible behaviors that develop slowly with repeated performance.
Striatal dopamine signaling instantiates this habit-formation process, presumably region …

This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

Orexin‐A and orexin‐B, also named hypocretin‐1 and hypocretin‐2, are two hypothalamic
neuropeptides highly conserved across mammalian species. Their effects are mediated by …

The orexin (also known as hypocretin) system, consisting of neuropeptides orexin‐A and
orexin‐B, was discovered over 25 years ago and was immediately identified as a central …

Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) respond to motivationally
relevant cues, and circuit-specific signaling drives different aspects of motivated behavior …

Hypothalamic neurons that produce the peptide transmitters orexins/hypocretins (HONs)
broadcast their predominantly neuroexcitatory outputs to the entire brain via their extremely …

The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the modulation of social behavior by encoding
internal states. The hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons, initially identified as regulators …

The orexin system consists of the peptide transmitters orexin-A and-B and the G protein-
coupled orexin receptors OX 1 and OX 2. Orexin receptors are capable of coupling to all four …