Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infections place an immense burden on health care systems
and pose particular diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Infection with HIV is the most …

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (HIV/AIDS) constitute the main burden of infectious disease in resource-limited …

Our program of research focuses on shame as a key emotional response to “social self”
threats (ie, social evaluation or rejection). We propose that shame may orchestrate specific …

Macrophages in the gastrointestinal mucosa represent the largest pool of tissue
macrophages in the body. In order to maintain mucosal homeostasis, resident intestinal …

Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is generally thought to assemble at
the plasma membrane of infected cells, virions have been observed in intracellular …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are pathogens
responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and …

The capacity of macrophages to support productive HIV-1 infection is known to be
modulated by cytokines and other extracellular stimuli. In this study, we demonstrate that …

Mucosal surfaces play a major role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
transmission and pathogenesis, and yet the role of lamina propria macrophages in mucosal …

Retroviruses are enveloped viruses that are generally assumed to bud at the plasma
membrane of infected cells. Recently it has become apparent that some of these viruses use …

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH1–39) and the melanocortins (α, β and γ-melanocyte-
stimulating hormone [MSH]) are derived from a larger precursor molecule known as the pro …