The gut and the liver are characterized by mutual interactions between both organs, the
microbiome, diet and other environmental factors. The sum of these interactions is …

With the rising prevalence of autoimmune diseases, the role of the environment, specifically
the gut microbiota, in disease development has grown to be a major area of study. Recent …

Many species, including humans, host communities of symbiotic microbes. There is a vast
literature on the ways these microbiomes affect hosts, but here we argue for an increased …

Unique gut microbiota compositions have been associated with inflammatory diseases, but
identifying gut bacterial functions linked to immune activation in humans remains …

The enteric nervous system is largely autonomous, and the central nervous system is
compartmentalized behind the blood-brain barrier. Yet the intestinal microbiota shapes gut …

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant immunoglobulin synthesized in the human
body. It has the highest concentration in the mucosa and is second only to IgG in serum. IgA …

The ability of most patients with selective immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency (SIgAD) to
remain apparently healthy has been a persistent clinical conundrum. Compensatory …

Interactions between the mammalian host and commensal microbiota are enforced through
a range of immune responses that confer metabolic benefits and promote tissue health and …

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease with
an unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Both an involvement of the immune system and gut …

In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), the immune system interacts with a variety of
microorganisms, including pathogens as well as beneficial symbionts that perform important …