Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been widely applied in many important environmental
applications, including water softening, surface/groundwater purification, wastewater …

Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration has been investigated for almost 10 years. The
technology is characterized not only by relatively lower transmembrane pressures which can …

The goal of the current article is to update new findings in membrane fouling and emerging
fouling mitigation strategies reported in recent years (post 2010) as a follow-up to our …

The utilization of osmosis for engineered applications sparked off various emerging
technologies relying on osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs). Represented by …

Materials research is key to enable synthetic membranes for large-scale, energy-efficient
molecular separations. Materials with rigid, engineered pore structures add an additional …

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) has emerged as an efficient compact technology for
municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The major drawback impeding wider …

Membrane technology offers the best options to “drought proof” mankind on an increasingly
thirsty planet by purifying seawater or used (waste) water. Although desalination by reverse …

Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of the best options for both one-stage and as part of multi-stage
water and wastewater purification. This review summarises the known facts about the fouling …

Forward osmosis (FO) is an osmotically driven process widely studied for water desalination,
wastewater treatment, and water reuse, as well as dilution and concentration of aqueous …

Recently, forward osmosis (FO) has attracted growing attention in many potential
applications such as power generation, desalination, wastewater treatment and food …