This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain
imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry …

Objective To summarize the 2010 EFNS/MDS‐ES evidence‐based treatment
recommendations for the management of P arkinson's disease (PD). This summary includes …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and lower urinary tract
(LUT) dysfunction is one of the most common autonomic disorders with an estimated …

Bladder dysfunction (urinary urgency/frequency) and bowel dysfunction (constipation) are
common non-motor disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast to motor disorder, the …

Bladder dysfunction (urinary urgency/frequency), bowel dysfunction (constipation), and
sexual dysfunction (erectile dysfunction)(also called “pelvic organ” dysfunctions) are …

Bladder dysfunction (urinary urgency/frequency) is a common non-motor disorder in
Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast to motor disorders, bladder dysfunction is sometimes …

Introduction Parkinson's disease is an extrapyramidal neurological disorder. Although motor
symptoms are a predominant feature of the condition, non-motor symptoms have also been …

Bladder dysfunction (urinary urgency/frequency) and sexual dysfunction (erectile
dysfunction) are common nonmotor disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). In contrast to …

Apart from the typical motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease is characterized by a wide range
of different non-motor symptoms, which are highly prevalent in all stages of the disease and …

The lower urinary tract is controlled by complex neural mechanisms not only in the
periphery, but also in the central nervous systems (CNS). Thus, patients with a wide variety …