Background Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; e-cigarettes), consisting of a
battery, heating element and e-liquid, have evolved significantly with wide variation in …

Abstract Fourth-generation 'pod'e-cigarette devices have been driven by technological
advances in electronic atomization of the e-liquid. Use of microporous ceramic as a wicking …

Electronic cigarette usage has spiked in popularity over recent years. The enhanced
prevalence has consequently resulted in new health concerns associated with the use of …

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) usage has risen dramatically worldwide in recent years. It
has been publicized as a safer alternative to the conventional combustible cigarette. This …

The tobacco emission condensate, hereafter “tobacco condensate,” is crucial for evaluating
tobacco product toxicity. This condensate, derived from tobacco emissions, provides an …

A minimal necessary condition for preclinical studies to contribute to risk assessments of e-
cigarettes (ECs) is the ability to expose laboratory animals to an appropriate dosage of …

Dry hitting, a phenomenon produced by e-cigarettes with refillable cartridges when the liquid
in the coil is low, is a common occurrence among regular vapers despite being an …

Abstract In 2014, the Tobacco Product Directive imposed a regulatory framework to protect
the users of vaping products. One of the items requires that vaping devices shall deliver …

Nicotine, the primary component of cigarette smoke, is not only addictive but also indirectly
contributes to lung diseases by increasing heart rate and blood pressure upon inhalation …

Since 2007, the market for e-cigarettes has resulted in increasing demand for newer
technologies and flavorings contributing to the complexity of these products. As a result …