Introduction The safety of humans in crowded environments has been recognised as an
important and rapidly growing research area with significant implications for urban planning …

A review of literature related to fire evacuation in high-rise buildings was carried out with the
following objectives,(1) to identify the key behavioural factors affecting the performance of …

Although understanding wayfinding behaviour in complex buildings is important to ensure
pedestrian safety, the state of the art predominantly investigated pedestrian movement in …

Emergency evacuation in case of an emergency is a crucial problem in high-rise buildings,
as many occupants are in a limited amount of space. To improve building safety design and …

This chapter is an updated version of the previous chapter “Evacuation Timing” that
appeared in the fourth edition of the SFPE Handbook. This new version of the chapter …

People with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups involved in building fires.
According to US Fire Administration, an estimated 700 home fires involve people with …

Since about 80 years, human walking speed has been measured for different purposes. The
comparability of the results of these measurements is low, as the walking speed is …

The characteristics of pedestrian movement down stairs from high-rise building influence the
total evacuation time, the formation of congestion and even the safety of evacuees. In this …

In the last few years, modern technologies such as numerical simulations, virtual and
augmented reality, and agent-based models represented effective tools to study …

Smoke is a leading cause of death in fire. To minimize the potential harm from the smoke
hazards in the course of a fire, a rational virtual reality (VR)-based fire training simulator …