Recently, conducting polymers have attracted much interest in the development of
biosensors. The electrically conducting polymers are known to possess numerous features …

Potentiometric ion sensors or ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are an important subgroup of
electrochemical sensors. 1-3 ISEs are characterized by small size, portability, low-energy …

Demanding analytical applications such as on-line process analysis and clinical analysis
require robust, reliable, and maintenance-free ion sensors of high potential stability. In this …

Electronic tongues (e-tongues) are analytical technologies that have been developed to
mimic the biological tongues which are non-specific, low-selective, and cross-sensitive taste …

Applications of conducting polymers to biosensors have recently aroused much interest.
This is because these molecular electronic materials offer control of different parameters …

Conducting polypyrrole is a biological compatible polymer matrix wherein number of drugs
and enzymes can be incorporated by way of doping. The polypyrrole, which is obtained as …

The pH sensitivity of electrically conducting polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives poly (o-
methylaniline)(PoMeANI), poly (o-ethylaniline)(PoEtANI), poly (o-propylaniline)(PoPrANI) …

Wearable sensors reflect the real–time physiological information and health status of
individuals by continuously monitoring biochemical markers in biological fluids, including …

Conducting polymers (electroactive conjugated polymers, ECPs) have emerged as one of
the most promising transducers for chemical sensors. This is related to the unique electrical …

A novel all-solid-state potassium ion-selective electrode using graphene as the solid-contact
layer was developed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and reversed …