Plant pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi and oomycetes cause destructive diseases in
natural habitats and agricultural settings, thereby threatening plant biodiversity and global …

Cells release small, phospholipid membrane-enclosed particles, collectively referred to as
extracellular vesicles (EVs), into their surroundings to enable intercellular communication …

RNA silencing is a well-established antiviral immunity system in plants, in which small RNAs
guide Argonaute proteins to targets in viral RNA or DNA, resulting in virus repression. Virus …

Background Many eukaryote cells produce membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs)
to establish cell-to-cell communication. Plant-derived EVs (P-EVs) contain proteins, RNAs …

Plant exosome-like nanovesicles, being innately replete with bioactive lipids, proteins, RNA,
and other pharmacologically active molecules, offer unique morphological and …

Flow cytometry (FCM) offers a multiparametric technology capable of characterizing single
extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, most flow cytometers are designed to detect cells …

Plant cells accumulate small RNA molecules that regulate plant development, genome
stability, and environmental responses. These small RNAs fall into three major classes …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, phospholipid bilayer‐enclosed biological
particles that regulate cell communication by molecular cargo delivery and surface …

Nanotechnologies have been successfully applied to the treatment of various diseases.
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENs) are expected to become effective …

Plants use extracellular vesicles (EVs) to transport small RNAs (sRNAs) into their fungal
pathogens and silence fungal virulence-related genes through a phenomenon called 'cross …