It is well known that breathing introduces rhythmical oscillations in the heart rate and arterial
pressure levels. Sympathetic oscillations coupled to the respiratory activity have been …

The carotid body has emerged as a therapeutic target for cardio-respiratory-metabolic
diseases. With the expansive functions of the chemoreflex, we sought mechanisms to …

The respiratory pattern generator modulates the sympathetic outflow, the strength of which is
enhanced by challenges produced by hypoxia. This coupling is due to the respiratory …

Cardiac and respiratory activities are intricately linked both functionally as well as
anatomically through highly overlapping brainstem networks controlling these autonomic …

The pre-Bötzinger (pre-BötC) and Bötzinger (BötC) complexes are the brainstem
compartments containing interneurons considered to be critically involved in generating …

The respiratory central pattern generator must respond to chemosensory cues to maintain
oxygen (O 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) homeostasis in the blood and tissues. To do this …

Key points Contraction of abdominal muscles at the end of expiration during metabolic
challenges (such as hypercapnia and hypoxia) improves pulmonary ventilation. The …

Maternal undernutrition increases the risk of adult arterial hypertension. The present study
investigated the short-and long-term effects of a maternal low-protein diet on respiratory …

Key points Hypercapnia or parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) disinhibition at normocapnia
evokes active expiration in rats by recruitment of pFRG late‐expiratory (late‐E) neurons. We …

A major aspect of hypertension is excessive sympathetic activity but the reasons for this
remain elusive. Sympathetic tone is increased in the spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rat …