This article is based on a consensus conference, which took place in Certosa di Pontignano,
Siena (Italy) on March 7–9, 2008, intended to update the previous safety guidelines for the …

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an increasingly popular FDA-approved treatment for
resistant depression, migraines, and OCD. Research is also underway for its use in various …

Background Non-invasive brain stimulation is being increasingly used to interrogate
neurophysiology and modulate brain function. Despite the high scientific and therapeutic …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has developed into a powerful tool for studying
human brain physiology and brain–behavior relations. When applied in sessions of …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a safe and noninvasive means of electrically
stimulating the brain by electromagnetic induction. TMS is capable of probing intracortical …

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has demonstrated efficacy in the
treatment of major depressive disorder; however, prior studies have provided only partial …

Despite substantial innovations in antiepileptic drug therapy over the past 15 years, the
proportion of patients with uncontrolled epilepsy has not changed, highlighting the need for …

Background Data and best practice recommendations for transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS) use in adults are largely available. Although there are fewer data in pediatric …

Abstract Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is known to modulate cortical
excitability and has thus been suggested to be a therapeutic approach for improving the …