A prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1 is badly needed. Despite 20 years of effort, it is still a long
way off. However, considerable progress has been made in understanding the problem. The …

In 1989, a curious phenomenon was described: HIV-specific T-cell responses to the viral
envelope and core proteins could be detected in antibody-positive and antigen-negative …

The predominance of HIV-1 sexual transmission requires a greater understanding of the
interaction between HIV-1 and the mucosal immune system. The study of HIV-1-exposed …

Since the late 1980s, with the first identification of individuals who were exposed to human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) yet remained uninfected, or “HIV-1—resistant” …

Exposed seronegative individuals (ES) with persistent high-risk sexual behavior may be less
susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection because they carry the …

During HIV infection, specific responses exhibited by CD8+ T cells are crucial to establish an
early, effective, and sustained viral control, preventing severe immune alterations and organ …

Naive and memory CD4+ T cells reactive with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
are detectable in unexposed, unimmunized individuals. The contribution of preexisting …

The immune response of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed seronegative (ESN)
women may be qualitatively different from that in those infected with HIV (HIV+). In a cohort …

Background. Altered T cell subset distribution patterns in uninfected individual highly
exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been explained either as a …

HIV-specific T cells response and T cell activation are frequently seen in exposed
seronegative individuals (ESN). In this study, we report HIV-specific response and level of T …