The common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a well studied and highly tractable genetic
model organism for understanding molecular mechanisms of human diseases. Many basic …

Cold tolerance is important in defining the distribution of insects. Here, we review the
principal physiological mechanisms underlying homeostatic failure during cold exposure in …

Glia play crucial roles in the development and homeostasis of the nervous system. While the
GLIA in the Drosophila embryo have been well characterized, their study in the adult …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts free access of molecules between the blood and the
brain and is essential for regulating the neural microenvironment. Here, we describe how …

Endogenous circadian rhythms are thought to modulate responses to external factors, but
mechanisms that confer time-of-day differences in organismal responses to environmental …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an evolutionarily conserved, structural, and functional
separation between circulating blood and the central nervous system (CNS). By controlling …

Molecular genetic approaches in small model organisms like Drosophila have helped to
elucidate fundamental principles of neuronal cell biology. Much less is understood about …

Defining how organ size is regulated, a process controlled not only by the number of cells
but also by the size of the cells, is a frontier in developmental biology. Large cells are …

Neuronal information processing requires a large amount of energy, indicating that sugars
and other metabolites must be efficiently delivered. However, reliable neuronal function also …

Glial cells constitute without any dispute an essential element in providing an efficiently
operating nervous system. Work in many labs over the last decades has demonstrated that …