Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most frequent and worldwide distributed marine toxins. It is
easily accumulated by shellfish, mainly bivalve mollusks and fish, and, subsequently, can be …

Marine biotoxins are produced by aquatic microorganisms and accumulate in shellfish or
finfish following the food web. These toxins usually reach human consumers by ingestion of …

The last few years have brought about many changes in the field of marine and freshwater
toxins, with advances in analytical technology and the realization that these toxins are a …

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is a specific type of food poisoning, characterized by
severe gastrointestinal illness due to the ingestion of filter feeding bivalves contaminated …

Natural high proliferations of toxin-producing microorganisms in marine and freshwater
environments result in dreadful consequences at the socioeconomically and environmental …

The rise of three-dimensional cell culture systems that provide in vivo-like environments for
pharmaco-toxicological models has prompted the need for simple and robust viability …

Background/Aims: Okadaic acid (OA) and the structurally related compounds
dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) and dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX2) are marine phycotoxins that cause …

Harmful algal blooms (HAB) occur periodically in coastal waters worldwide and are
increasing in frequency and duration, and expanding in geographic distribution. This …

Okadaic acid (OA), a lipophilic phycotoxin distributed worldwide, causes diarrheic shellfish
poisoning and even leads to tumor formation. Currently, the consumption of contaminated …

Complex secondary metabolites, some of which are highly toxic to mammals, are produced
by many marine organisms. Some of these organisms are important food sources for marine …