Cell migration is fundamental to establishing and maintaining the proper organization of
multicellular organisms. Morphogenesis can be viewed as a consequence, in part, of cell …

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that plays critical roles in
integrin-mediated signal transductions and also participates in signaling by other cell …

The microvascular endothelial cell monolayer localized at the critical interface between the
blood and vessel wall has the vital functions of regulating tissue fluid balance and supplying …

Sequential activation of kinases within the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK)
cascades is a common, and evolutionary-conserved mechanism of signal transduction. Four …

The protein tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a prominent role in integrin
signaling. FAK activation, demonstrated by an increase in phosphorylation of Tyr397 as well …

The pathway from Ras through Raf and MEK (MAPK and ERK kinase) to ERK/MAPK
(extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase) regulates many …

Spermatogenesis is the process by which a single spermatogonium develops into 256
spermatozoa, one of which will fertilize the ovum. Since the 1950s when the stages of the …

Cellular interactions with extracellular matrix play essential roles in tumor initiation,
progression and metastasis. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase …

Focal adhesions (FAs) are mechanosensitive adhesion and signaling complexes that grow
and change composition in response to myosin II–mediated cytoskeletal tension in a …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides cells with positional information and a mechanical
scaffold for adhesion and migration. It consists of collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans …