Although recent studies on self-consciousness emphasized the importance of bodily
processing and multisensory integration, such research has focused solely on bodily signals …

Fast fMRI enables the detection of neural dynamics over timescales of hundreds of
milliseconds, suggesting it may provide a new avenue for studying subsecond neural …

Controlled breathwork practices have emerged as potential tools for stress management
and well-being. Here, we report a remote, randomized, controlled study (NCT05304000) of …

The cerebellar vermis, long associated with axial motor control, has been implicated in a
surprising range of neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive and affective functions …

Theoretical frameworks such as predictive coding suggest that the perception of the body
and world–interoception and exteroception–involve intertwined processes of inference …

Interoception, the perception of internal bodily states, is thought to be inextricably linked to
affective qualities such as anxiety. Although interoception spans sensory to metacognitive …

Threat-anticipatory defensive responses have evolved to promote survival in a dynamic
world. While inherently adaptive, aberrant expression of defensive responses to potential …

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a critical role in autonomic function and behavioural
responses to threatening stimuli. Recent evidence has revealed the PAG's potential …

The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) has been recognized for decades as having a
central role in the control of a wide variety of defensive responses. Initial discoveries relied …

The sensation that develops as a long breath hold continues is what this article is about. We
term this sensation of an urge to breathe 'air hunger'. Air hunger, a primal sensation, alerts …