Many insects enter a dormant state termed diapause in anticipation of seasonal inhospitable
conditions. Insects drastically reduce their feeding during diapause. Their reduced nutrient …

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology,
because genetic manipulation and breeding in the laboratory are easy. The circadian clock …

Anopheles gambiae, the primary African vector of malaria parasites, exhibits numerous
rhythmic behaviors including flight activity, swarming, mating, host seeking, egg laying, and …

Olfactory-driven behaviors are central to the lifecycle of the malaria vector mosquito
Anopheles gambiae and are initiated by peripheral signaling in the antenna and other …

The intracellular parasite Leishmania uses neutrophils and macrophages as host cells upon
infection. These immune cells harbour their own intrinsic circadian clocks, known to …

Animals should time activities, such as foraging, migration and reproduction, as well as
seasonal physiological adaptation, in a way that maximizes fitness. The fitness outcome of …

Many living organisms on Earth have evolved the ability to integrate environmental and
internal signals to determine time and thereafter adjust appropriately their metabolism …

After a slow start, the comparative analysis of clock genes in insects has developed into a
mature area of study in recent years. Brain transplant or surgical interventions in larger …

Different mosquito species show a full range of activity patterns, including diurnal,
crepuscular, and nocturnal behaviors. Although activity and blood-feeding rhythms are …

Organisms from bacteria to humans have evolved under predictable daily environmental
cycles owing to the Earth's rotation. This strong selection pressure has generated …