The current review and synthesis was designed to provocatively develop and evaluate the
proposition that “fear of the unknown may be a, or possibly the, fundamental fear”(Carleton …

With the exception of a few model species, individual differences in cognition remain
relatively unstudied in non-human animals. One intriguing possibility is that variation in …

Languages differ widely in the ways they encode time. I test the hypothesis that the
languages that grammatically associate the future and the present, foster future-oriented …

Why do some people take risks and live for the present, whereas others avoid risks and save
for the future? The evolutionary framework of life history theory predicts that preferences for …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

In Animal Minds, Donald R. Griffin takes us on a guided tour of the recent explosion of
scientific research on animal mentality. Are animals consciously aware of anything, or are …

Accurate assessment of animal emotion (affect) is an important goal in animal welfare
science, and in areas such as neuroscience and psychopharmacology. Direct measures of …

Decision-making under risk has been variably characterized and examined in many different
disciplines. However, interdisciplinary integration has not been forthcoming. Classic theories …

This book sets out a framework for adaptive explanations of behavior, and uses it to provide
analyses of a range of biological issues such as energetic gain, energy-predation trade-offs …

In comparisons among Chicago neighbourhoods, homicide rates in 1988-93 varied more
than 100-fold, while male life expectancy at birth ranged from 54 to 77 years, even with …