Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady
stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in …

1. INTRODUCTION Porphyrins (Ps) 1, 2 and their best known synthetic analogues, the
phthalocyanines (Pcs; 2− 10 Chart 1) represent one of the most widely studied macrocyclic …

Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic
nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional …

The chemistry of expanded porphyrins, which are higher homologues of porphyrins, has
been intensively explored for the last three decades. Expanded porphyrins exhibit …

Expanded porphyrins are synthetic analogues of the porphyrins, and differ from these and
other naturally occurring tetrapyrrolic macrocycles by containing a larger central core with a …

This review underscores the conformational flexibility of porphyrinoids, a unique class of
functional molecules, starting from the smallest triphyrins (1.1. 1) via [18] porphyrins (1.1 …

The aromatic character of porphyrins, which has significant chemical and biological
consequences, can be substantially altered by judicious modifications of the parent ring …

The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block (s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic
heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs) …

The world of modified porphyrins changed forever when an N-confused porphyrin (NCP), a
porphyrin isomer, was first published in 1994. The replacement of one inner nitrogen with a …

This article introduces an overview of progressively developing chemistry of N-confused
porphyrin and related macrocycles. Study on confusion results in discovery of fusion and …