This work documents the first version of the US Department of Energy (DOE) new Energy
Exascale Earth System Model (E3SMv1). We focus on the standard resolution of the fully …

Tree mortality rates appear to be increasing in moist tropical forests (MTF s) with significant
carbon cycle consequences. Here, we review the state of knowledge regarding MTF tree …

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) modulates the hydrological cycle and is a key determinant of
water availability and an indicator of drought. While historical TWS variations have been …

Terrestrial ecosystems remove about 30 per cent of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by
human activities each year, yet the persistence of this carbon sink depends partly on how …

Climate extremes such as droughts and heatwaves have a large impact on terrestrial carbon
uptake by reducing gross primary production (GPP). While the evidence for increasing …

The ratio of carbon assimilation to water evapotranspiration (ET) of an ecosystem, referred to
as ecosystem water use efficiency (WUEeco), is widely expected to increase because of the …

This article introduces the second generation CMCC Earth System Model (CMCC‐ESM2)
that extends a number of marine and terrestrial biogeochemical processes with respect to its …

Abstract The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of the Community Earth
System Model (CESM) and is used in several global and regional modeling systems. In this …

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is an atmospheric modeling system
designed for both research and numerical weather prediction. WRF is an open-source …

Groundwater provides critical freshwater supply, particularly in dry regions where surface
water availability is limited. Climate change impacts on GWS (groundwater storage) could …