The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a well-established trophic agent for
dopaminergic (DA) neurons in vitro and in vivo. GDNF is necessary for maintenance of …

Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive
neuromodulation technique. Recently, rTMS has shown promising therapeutic potential in …

This study aims to determine whether low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) protects pyramidal cells from apoptosis and promotes hippocampal …

The neurotrophins (NTs) nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF), NT‐3, and NT‐4/5 are proteins that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic system, leading to a …

Background. Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability, but treatment options remain
limited, leaving most patients with incomplete recovery. Patient and animal studies have …

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is traditionally classified
as a movement disorder. Patients typically suffer from many motor dysfunctions. Presently …

Recent studies have been conducted to examine the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture
in many neurological disorders. Although the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture has …

Due to its ability to improve the most frequent clinical sequelae left by ischemia, repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation has been considered a promising therapeutic strategy for …

Introduction Motor abnormalities in schizophrenia are frequent and linked to poor social
functioning and low quality of life. To date, there are no effective treatments available to …