Global temperatures are increasing rapidly. While considerable research is accumulating
regarding the lethal and sublethal effects of heat on wildlife, its potential impact on animal …

Animals have evolved a variety of adaptations to care for their body surfaces, such as
grooming behavior, which keeps the integument clean, parasite-free, and properly arranged …

Highlights•American kestrels varied in grooming time, both seasonally and
geographically.•Birds in the subtropics groomed more than birds in the temperate …

Global warming is rapidly changing the phenology, distribution, behaviour and demography
of wild animal populations. Recent studies in wild animals have shown that high …

Simple Summary Systematic data collection has become an important practice in zoos.
Here, we describe the results of a two-year study on exhibit use and pair-bonding in a …

Objectivity in behavior measurement is a defining feature of behavior analysis. With the
increased accessibility of technology, there has been an increase in electronic data …

Behavioral biology is a field that students find fascinating. To get the most out of the various
benefits of teaching it, a practical approach should be followed. One way to do this is to use …

Dominance hierarchies can provide many benefits to individuals, such as access to
resources or mates, depending on their ranks. In some species, rank can emerge as a …

Dominance hierarchies direct and structure aggression in a myriad of species (Shizuka and
McDonald 2015; Hobson et al. 2021). Recent computational approaches have been able to …

Active, real-time observation of behavior is a time-consuming task, which is heavily resource-
limited. At the same time, simultaneous observation of several individuals is often paramount …