Biotransformations already represent an effective and sometimes preferable alternative to
chemical synthesis for the production of fine chemicals and optically active compounds. To …

The exponential development in knowledge on the health and environmental concerns
linked to conventional denim processing is directly responsible for the continuous increase …

Immobilized enzymes are used in organic syntheses to fully exploit the technical and
economical advantages of biocatalysts based on isolated enzymes. Immobilization enables …

The advantages of immobilized over soluble enzymes arise from their enhanced stability
and ease of separation from the reaction media, leading to significant savings in enzyme …

Procedures are described for linking monomethoxypoly (ethylene glycol)(mPEG) to both e
and a amino groups of lysine. The lysine carboxyl group can then be activated as a …

The synthetic utility of proteases has been recognized long before their chemical nature was
known. In 1783, Spallazani postulated from his experiments that gastric juice bears an …

Enzymes catalyze a diverse array of reactions in nonaqueous media.* 1 However, their
catalytic activities in organic solvents are often orders of magnitude lower than those in …

Three different ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis [(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl]
amide [BMIM][BTA], 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6] and 1 …

Whereas crystals of small molecules are widely used as industrial materials and catalysts,
the crystals of large molecules, such as enzymes, are hardly ever used; this is due to widely …

The low activity of enzymes in organic solvents limits their impressive synthetic potential. 1 It
is not unusual to see processes employing more enzyme than substrate by weight. 2 In the …