Hemifacial spasm is characterised by unilateral contractions of the facial muscles. Though
considered to be benign by many people, it can lead to functional blindness and a poor …

Hemifacial spasm is defined as unilateral, involuntary, irregular clonic or tonic movement of
muscles innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. Most frequently attributed to vascular loop …

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a subset of chronic primary inflammatory demyelinating
disorders of the central nervous system, is closely associated with various movement …

The wrong diagnosis of epilepsy is common. At referral epilepsy centers, psychogenic non-
epileptic attacks are by far the most common condition found to have been misdiagnosed as …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary unilateral contractions of the
muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve, usually starting around the eyes before …

The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) arises from the distal part of the basilar artery and
passes by the oculomotor, trochlear, and trigeminal nerves. SCA is known to play a crucial …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a peripherally induced movement disorder causing clonic or
tonic contractions of the facial muscles. HFS is usually unilateral and sporadic. It may be …

Vascular compression syndromes are a group of disorders in which direct cranial nerve
(CN) compression by blood vessels causes mechanical irritation and varying degrees of …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary contractions of
the facial muscles innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. Generally, it is associated with a …

Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary, repetitive eye closure.
Orofacial and oromandibular dystonia describe involuntary dystonic movements of orofacial …