Birds have rapid pre-and post-hatching growth rates. The major hormones required to
support normal growth are growth hormone (GH), triiodothyronine (T3) and insulin-like …

Thyroid hormone and growth : relationships with growth hormone effects and regulation Page 1
Review Thyroid hormone and growth : relationships with growth hormone effects and …

The intensification of poultry production has favoured the occurrence of stressful conditions
such as infections, decreased feed intake, reduced feed conversion and carcass …

Among the many examples of neuroendocrine–immune system interactions the relationship
between the thyroid axis and the immune function has yet to be clearly established. Here we …

Sex-finked dwarfism is a recessive mutation that causes a reduction in body weight gain and
long bone growth of chickens. We examined the effect of the dwarfing gene on body weight …

The somatotropic axis plays a key role in proliferation and differentiation of avian organs
during both pre-and post-hatching periods. This review discusses the complexity of …

Avian necrotic enteritis (NE) induced by Clostridium perfringens is a disease that affects
mainly the first weeks of poultry's life. The pathogenesis of NE is complex and involves the …

Lead has been shown previously to induce immunotoxic effects on macrophage and T-cell-
associated functions after full-gestational exposure. To gain a better understanding of a …

The existence of growth hormone (GH, somatotrophin) was first demonstrated in the early
1920s by the ability of pituitary gland extracts to stimulate growth in rats. In the 1960s and …

Abstract One-day-old White Leghorn male chicks were fed different levels of Thyrotropin
Releasing Hormone (TRH)(1 and 5 ppm) or Triiodothyronine (T 3)(. 1 and 1 ppm) for an 8 …