Background: Intrathecal immunoglobulin-G synthesis is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis
(MS), which can be detected by oligoclonal IgG bands (OCB) or by κ-free light chains (κ …

Nowadays, there is a need for reliable fluid biomarkers to improve differential diagnosis,
prognosis, and the prediction of treatment response, particularly in the management of …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is of utmost importance for diagnosis and differential
diagnosis of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). Evidence of intrathecal …

Intrathecal production of kappa free light chains occurs in multiple sclerosis and can be
measured using the kappa free light chain index. Kappa free light chain index values can be …

Objective To investigate whether κ-free light chain (κ-FLC) index predicts multiple sclerosis
(MS) disease activity independent of demographics, clinical characteristics, and MRI …

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a frequent and disabling symptom in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Axonal damage may contribute to CI development from early stages. Nevertheless, no …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kappa free light chain (KFLC) index has been described as a
reliable marker of intrathecal IgG synthesis to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS). Our aims …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that affects the central nervous system
(CNS). The diagnosis of the disease is quite challenging due to its variation among patients …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system
that shows a high interindividual heterogeneity, which frequently poses challenges …

Introduction The immunoglobulin kappa free light chain (KFLC) index has been proposed as
a potentially suitable alternative to oligoclonal IgG bands (OCGB) for diagnosing multiple …