I. Introduction U NTIL 35 yr ago, most scientists did not take research on the pineal gland
seriously. The decade beginning in 1956, however, provided several discoveries that laid …

The paper briefly reviews the data which shows that the circadian production and secretion
of melatonin by the pineal gland can impart both daily, ie, clock, and seasonal, ie, calendar …

The pineal hormone melatonin regulates seasonal reproductive function and modulates
circadian rhythms in mammals. We now report the cloning and characterization of a high …

The response of the human circadian pacemaker to light was measured in 45 resetting trials.
Each trial consisted of an initial endogenous circadian phase assessment, a three-cycle …

The pineal hormone melatonin elicits two effects on the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN): acute
neuronal inhibition and phase-shifting. Melatonin evokes its biological effects through G …

Background Jet lag commonly affects air travellers who cross several time zones. It results
from the body's internal rhythms being out of step with the day‐night cycle at the destination …

Melatonin signals time of day and time of year in mammals by virtue of its pattern of
secretion, which defines 'biological night.'It is supremely important for research on the …

In vitro autoradiography with 125I-labeled melatonin was used to examine melatonin
binding sites in human hypothalamus. Specific 125I-labeled melatonin binding was …

Early studies on the physiological effects of melatonin typically reported hypnotic 'side‐
effects'. Later studies, specifically addressing this action, failed to reliably replicate hypnotic …

A systematic review was conducted using Samueli Institute's Rapid Evidence Assessment of
the Literature (REAL©) process to determine the evidence base for melatonin as an agent to …