Abstract Introduction The Lancet Commission for Global Surgery identified an adequate
surgical workforce as one indicator of surgical care accessibility. Many countries where …

Background: Over the past twenty years explicit gender bias toward women in surgery has
been replaced by more subtle barriers, which represent indirect forms of discrimination and …

Women remain underrepresented within academic medicine despite past and present
efforts to promote gender equity. The authors discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic could …

PURPOSE In a professional setting, the introduction of female speakers without their
professional title may have an impact on the public's perception of the female speaker. We …

Background Participation of women at national surgery conferences is an important aspect
of achieving gender equity; however, participation has to be meaningful and representative …

Background: Gender-related differences have been found among invited speakers in select
professional and medical societies. We examined whether similar disparities existed among …

Background Women constitute a minority (9.2%) of academic neurosurgeons. We previously
found that women in academic medicine are disadvantaged in funding and career …

While it is the goal of academic institutions to train male and female resident physicians
equally, gender-related implicit bias may play a role in resident training, thus impacting the …

Objective Women represent approximately 28.0% of academic otolaryngologists. Previous
studies have shown that women in academic medicine, including surgical subspecialties …

Background Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome behaviors or obscene remarks
that affect an individual's work performance or create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive …