The midbrain dopamine center comprises a key network for reward, salience, motivation,
and mood. Evidence from various clinical and preclinical settings points to the midbrain …

Many drugs and non-drug modalities are used to manage pain in horses, but evidence
regarding efficacy and safety remains limited. This manuscript will first briefly review tried …

The ability to modulate pain perception is as critical to survival as pain itself. The most
known pain modulation pathway is the PAG–RVM (periaqueductal gray–rostral …

Sleep disorders increase pain sensitivity and the risk of developing painful conditions;
however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. It has been suggested that …

The mechanisms underlying the pronociceptive effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation
(PSD) are not known. In this study, we asked whether PSD increases tonic nociception in the …

Increasing evidence supports that acupuncture intervention is an effective approach for
intraoperative and postoperative pain. Neuron–microglia crosstalk, mediated by the …

Painful conditions and sleep disturbances are major public health problems worldwide and
one directly affects the other. Sleep loss increases pain prevalence and severity; while pain …

We tested the hypothesis that chronic pain development (pain chronification) and ongoing
chronic pain (chronic pain) reduce the activity and induce plastic changes in an endogenous …

Aims Although evidence suggest that TRPA1 mediates some effects of prostaglandins, it is
not known whether TRPA1 contributes to the in vivo nociceptive effects of prostaglandin E 2 …

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Diante da dificuldade de tratamento das dores
orofaciais crônicas e buscando uma abordagem que vise a saúde e o bem-estar do …