Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Rresistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria remove
multiple, structurally distinct classes of antimicrobials from inside bacterial cells therefore …

The antimicrobial resistance to Acinetobacter baumannii is significantly high and continues
to grow; it has become a global health issue, particularly in regards to carbapenem …

Multidrug efflux pumps constitute a group of transporters that are ubiquitously found in any
organism. In addition to other functions with relevance for the cell physiology, efflux pumps …

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most common multidrug-resistant pathogens causing
nosocomial infections. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii infections is …

The number of multidrug-resistant bacteria is rapidly spreading worldwide. Among the
various mechanisms determining resistance to antimicrobial agents, multidrug efflux pumps …

Efflux pumps are membrane proteins which contribute to multi-drug resistance. In Gram-
negative bacteria, some of these pumps form complex tripartite assemblies in association …

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen in hospital acquired infections. Although
tigecycline currently remains a potent antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug …

This study investigates susceptibility toward three fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin,
levofloxacin, moxifloxacin), multiple fluoroquinolone-resistance mechanisms, and …