Sleep-induced apnea and disordered breathing refers to intermittent, cyclical cessations or
reductions of airflow, with or without obstructions of the upper airway (OSA). In the presence …

Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its distribution are highly sensitive to changes in the partial
pressure of arterial CO2 (PaCO2). This physiological response, termed cerebrovascular …

Molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the primary gaseous substrate and
product of oxidative phosphorylation in respiring organisms, respectively. Variance in the …

Neurophysiologically, central apnea is due to a temporary failure in the pontomedullary
pacemaker generating breathing rhythm. As a polysomnographic finding, central apneas …

By definition central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) are cells that are sensitive to
changes in brain PCO2 or pH and contribute to the stimulation of breathing elicited by …

We provide an updated review on the current understanding of breathing and sleep at high
altitude in humans. We conclude that:(1) progressive changes in pH initiated by the …

We assessed the contribution of carotid body chemoreceptors to the ventilatory response to
specific CNS hypercapnia in eight unanaesthetized, awake dogs. We denervated one …

Twenty‐five years ago, a new physiological preparation called the working heart–brainstem
preparation (WHBP) was introduced with the claim it would provide a new platform allowing …

As blood oxygenation decreases (hypoxemia), mammals mount cardiorespiratory
responses, increasing oxygen to vital organs. The carotid bodies are the primary oxygen …