Earth has been habitable for 4.3 billion years, and the earliest rock record indicates the
presence of a microbial biosphere by at least 3.4 billion years ago—and disputably earlier …

Abstract The Archean era (4 to 2.5 billion years ago, Ga) yielded rocks that include the
oldest conclusive traces of life as well as many controversial occurrences. Carbonaceous …

The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river
deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta …

Collocated crystal sizes and mineral identities are critical for interpreting textural
relationships in rocks and testing geological hypotheses, but it has been previously …

The first samples collected by the Mars 2020 mission represent units exposed on the Jezero
Crater floor, from the potentially oldest Séítah formation outcrops to the potentially youngest …

It has been 10 years since publication of the first edition ofSoils of the Past. In that time the
subject of paleopedology hasgrown rapidly, and established itself within the mainstream …

Abstract NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission, with its Curiosity rover, has been
exploring Gale crater (5.4° S, 137.8° E) since 2012 with the goal of assessing the potential of …

Early Mars climate research has well-defined goals (MEPAG 2018). Achieving these goals
requires geologists and climate modelers to coordinate. Coordination is easier if results are …

It is often acknowledged that the search for life on Mars might produce false positive results,
particularly via the detection of objects, patterns or substances that resemble the products of …

The recognition of past habitable environments on Mars has increased the urgency to
understand biosignature preservation in and characterize analogues of these environments …