Chronic respiratory diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis, otitis media, asthma, cystic
fibrosis, non-CF bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are a major …

Cooperation exists across all scales of biological organization, from genetic elements to
complex human societies. Bacteria cooperate by secreting molecules that benefit all …

Chronic infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa often leads to
coexistence of heterogeneous populations carrying diverse mutations. In particular, loss-of …

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising biological nitrogen removal
process, due to its advantages of high efficiency and low cost. However, problems remain in …

The spatial organization of microbial communities arises from a complex interplay of biotic
and abiotic interactions, and is a major determinant of ecosystem functions. Here we design …

Explaining the emergence and maintenance of cooperation among selfish individuals from
an evolutionary perspective remains a grand challenge in biology, economy and social …

Swarming is the collective movement of bacteria across a surface. It requires the production
of surfactants (public goods) to overcome surface tension and provides an excellent model …

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a bacterial weapon capable of delivering
antibacterial effectors to kill competing cells for interference competition, as well as secreting …

Social exclusion has been regarded as one of the most effective measures to promote the
evolution of cooperation. In real society, the way in which social exclusion works can be …

Despite the widespread use of modern social media, relatively less is known about the
impact of social media on the acculturation processes of international students in China and …