Biliary stones represent the most common indication for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography. Many cases are successfully managed with biliary …

Direct visualization of bile and pancreatic duct pathology is proving to be beneficial in
patients where previous techniques have failed. Recent advancements in technology and …

Background Peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) of indeterminate biliary strictures aims to
achieve a diagnosis through visual examination and/or by obtaining targeted biopsies under …

Background and aims Percutaneous cholangioscopy (PC) is more complex and invasive
than a transpapillary approach, with the need for a large percutaneous tract of 16 French (Fr) …

Background Endoscopic management of large bile duct stones may be challenging and
refractory to standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) …

Although Spy DS (SpyGlass DS Direct Visualization System) is considered to be useful for
the diagnosis of bile duct strictures and the treatment of bile duct stones, there is limited data …

Endoscopic management for difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones still presents a
challenge for several reasons, including anatomic anomalies, patients' individual conditions …

Background Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is the first choice of
treatment for large common bile duct (CBD) stones. Recently, single-operator …

Background and aim Digital single-operator cholangioscopy (D-SOC) is an endoscopic
procedure that is increasingly used for the management of bilio-pancreatic diseases. We …

The aim of this investigation was to unravel the complexities inherent in endoscopic
retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures for bile duct stone removal by …