Spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis involve cell–cell interactions and gene expression
orchestrated by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a 38-amino acid C-terminally
α-amidated peptide that was first isolated 20 years ago from an ovine hypothalamic extract …

Phthalate esters (PE) such as DEHP are high production volume plasticizers used in vinyl
floors, food wraps, cosmetics, medical products, and toys. In spite of their widespread and …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a 38-amino acid peptide that
was first isolated from ovine hypothalamic extracts on the basis of its ability to stimulate …

The recent unraveling of structures of genes for the gonadotropin subunits and gonadotropin
receptors has provided reproductive endocrinologists with new tools to study normal and …

To study further the role of gonadotropins in reproductive functions, we generated mice with
LH receptor (LHR) knockout (LuRKO) by inactivating, through homologous recombination …

Phthalate diesters are chemicals to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. Exposure to
certain phthalates during sexual differentiation causes reproductive tract malformations in …

Masculinization depends on adequate production of testosterone by the fetal testis within a
specific “masculinization programming window.” Disorders resulting from subtle deficiencies …

Adult male rats previously exposed on gestation days (GD) 12–21 to di (n-butyl) phthalate
(DBP) have reproductive tract malformations, particularly agenesis of the epididymis …

Mammalian sex determination involves complex interacting networks of cellular and
hormonal signals leading to the development of male or female phenotype. Three main …