Mathematical flexibility has been widely acknowledged as an important learning goal in
mathematical education and has received increasing research attention in order to explore …

Even at young ages, children self-report experiencing math anxiety, which negatively relates
to their math achievement. Leveraging a large dataset of first and second grade students' …

Developing adaptive expertise with arithmetic problem solving is a much desired aim of
primary school mathematics education. However, there are very few practical tools for …

Cognitive flexibility is an important characteristic that helps humans pursue complex tasks,
such as multitasking and finding novel, adaptable solutions to changing demands. Yet it is …

In this article, I argue for a renewed focus in mathematics education research on procedural
knowledge. I make three main points:(1) The development of students' procedural …

Encouraging students to share and compare solution methods is a key component of reform
efforts in mathematics, and comparison is emerging as a fundamental learning mechanism …

In a series of two in vivo experiments, we examine whether correct and incorrect examples
with prompts for self-explanation can be effective for improving students' conceptual …

Arithmetic is still hugely important in many aspects of modern life, but our personal attitudes
to it differ greatly. Many people struggle with the basic principles of arithmetic, whilst others …

Competence in many domains rests on children developing conceptual and procedural
knowledge, as well as procedural flexibility. However, research on the developmental …

Researchers in both cognitive science and mathematics education emphasize the
importance of comparison for learning and transfer. However, surprisingly little is known …