The Protocol on Environmental Protection of the Antarctic Treaty stipulates that the
protection of the Antarctic environment and associated ecosystems be fundamentally …

The interdisciplinary field of assessing the impacts of sound on marine life has benefited
largely from the advancement of underwater acoustics that occurred after World War II …

In seismic surveys, reflected sounds from airguns are used under water to detect gas and oil
below the sea floor. The airguns produce broadband high-amplitude impulsive sounds …

The acoustical output of marine-seismic airguns is determined from recordings of the sound
pressure made on hydrophones suspended below a floating barge from which the airguns …

Abstract mitigation guidelines—that is, the applied mitigation measures in specific E&P
activities should Offshore hydrocarbon exploration and production be proportional with the …

An analytical formulation for the calculation of the range and depth-dependence of
propagation loss in isospeed water is introduced. The range-dependent bathymetry is …

This paper aimed at comparing different propagation models for the calculation of sound
pressure fields in the ocean as well as sound exposure levels. The chosen models are freely …

Computer models can be used to predict the sound field near an airgun or airgun array. The
accuracy of such predictions can be assessed either by a process of verification …

Seismic airgun sound was measured with an autonomous passive acoustic recorder as a
function of distance from 18.6 to 164.2 km in shallow water (< 70 m) at the continental shelf …

The primary acoustic field of a standard seismic survey source array is described based on a
calibrated dataset collected in the Gulf of Mexico. Three vertical array moorings were …