Patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs), in which tumor fragments surgically dissected from
cancer patients are directly transplanted into immunodeficient mice, have emerged as a …

Host immunity recognizes and eliminates most early tumor cells, yet immunological
checkpoints, exemplified by CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, pose a significant obstacle to …

B-cell lymphoma extra large (BCL-XL) is a well-validated cancer target. However, the on-
target and dose-limiting thrombocytopenia limits the use of BCL-XL inhibitors, such as …

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created by engraftment of patient tumor tissues
into immunocompetent mice. Since a PDX model retains the characteristics of the primary …

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant sites within the body
to establish secondary tumors. Although this is an inefficient process, the consequences are …

The strategy of using existing drugs originally developed for one disease to treat other
indications has found success across medical fields. Such drug repurposing promises faster …

Developing drugs that target KRAS, the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer, has
not been successful despite much concerted efforts dedicated towards it in the last thirty …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with
an overall survival rate of less than 7-8%, emphasizing the need for novel effective …

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common solid tumor among men aged between 15 and
40 years. TCs are highly aneuploid and the 12p isochromosome is the most frequent …

Optimal patient stratification is of utmost importance in the era of personalized medicine.
Prediction of individual treatment responses by functional ex vivo assays requires model …