Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic
humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is …

Introduction: Studies in the 1970s and 1980s signaled concern that repeated influenza
vaccination could affect vaccine protection. The antigenic distance hypothesis provided a …

Evidence suggests that innate and adaptive cellular responses mediate resistance to the
influenza virus and confer protection after vaccination. However, few studies have resolved …

METHODS: In February 2019, we surveyed families with children using the largest online
panel generating representative US samples. After weighting, we assessed hesitancy using …

H3N2 viruses continuously acquire mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that
abrogate binding of human antibodies. During the 2014–2015 influenza season, clade 3C …

This report updates the 2018–19 recommendations of the Advisory Committee on
Immunization Practices (ACIP) regarding the use of seasonal influenza vaccines in the …

Background The severity of the 2017–2018 influenza season in the United States was high,
with influenza A (H3N2) viruses predominating. Here, we report influenza vaccine …

Background Estimates of influenza disease burden are broadly useful for public health,
helping national and local authorities monitor epidemiologic trends, plan and allocate …

Background As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is sweeping across the
globe, there is an urgent need to develop effective vaccines as the most powerful strategy to …

Background The A (H1N1) pdm09 virus strain used in the live attenuated influenza vaccine
was changed for the 2015–2016 influenza season because of its lack of effectiveness in …