Specialized subpopulations of CD4+ T cells survey major histocompatibility complex class II–
peptide complexes to control phagosomal infections, help B cells, regulate tissue …

IL-17 cytokine family members have diverse biological functions, promoting protective
immunity against many pathogens but also driving inflammatory pathology during infection …

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues that drive antigen-specific
immune responses at sites of chronic inflammation. Unlike secondary lymphoid organs such …

Hyperinflammation contributes to lung injury and subsequent acute respiratory distress
syndrome with high mortality in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

T cell proliferation and cytokine production are bioenergetically and biosynthetically costly.
The inability to meet these metabolic demands results in altered differentiation …

Owing to their capacity to rapidly spread across the population, airborne pathogens
represent a significant risk to global health. Indeed, several of the past major global …

The immune system employs recognition tools to communicate with its microbial
evolutionary partner. Among all the methods of microbial perception, T cells enable the …

The cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) is critical for development and maintenance of
autoimmune inflammation in nonlymphoid tissues; however, the mechanism through which …

Barrier tissues are populated by functionally plastic CD4+ resident memory T (TRM) cells.
Whether the barrier epithelium regulates CD4+ TRM cell locations, plasticity and activities …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis lung infection results in a complex multicellular structure: the
granuloma. In some granulomas, immune activity promotes bacterial clearance, but in …