Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development has been an intense area of research
during recent years. This is due in part to a growing interest in regenerative medicine and …

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral midbrain (VM) play vital roles in the regulation of
voluntary movement, emotion and reward. They are divided into the A8, A9 and A10 …

Nuclear proteins are often given a concise title that captures their function, such as
'transcription factor,''polymerase'or 'nuclear-receptor.'However, for members of the …

Transcription factors involved in the specification and differentiation of neurons often
continue to be expressed in the adult brain, but remarkably little is known about their late …

Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its close relative neurturin are
currently in clinical trials for neuroprotection in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) …

The NR superfamily comprises 48 transcription factors in humans that control a plethora of
gene network programs involved in a wide range of physiologic processes. This review will …

The generation of individual neuron types in the nervous system is a multistep process
whose endpoint is the expression of neuron type–specific batteries of terminal differentiation …

The NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors consists of three mammalian members: Nur77,
Nurr1, and NOR-1. The NR4A receptors are involved in essential physiological processes …

Although it is well established that embryonic stem (ES) cells have the potential to
differentiate into dopamine neurons, the molecular basis of this process, particularly the role …

Tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, is strictly
controlled by several interrelated regulatory mechanisms. Enzyme synthesis is controlled by …