Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review
provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt …

Crop yield reduction as a consequence of increasingly severe climatic events threatens
global food security. Genetic loci that ensure productivity in challenging environments exist …

Many studies have been conducted to understand plant stress responses to salinity because
irrigation-dependent salt accumulation compromises crop productivity and also to …

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the interconversion of
CO 2 and HCO 3− and are ubiquitous in nature. Higher plants contain three evolutionarily …

Halophytic plants are characterized by their ability to survive, even thrive, at concentrations
of sodium and chloride ions that would be toxic to most crop species. Given the diminishing …

The effective development of salt tolerant crops requires an understanding that the evolution
of halophytes, glycophytes and our major grain crops has involved significantly different …

High salinity induces osmotic stress and often leads to sodium ion‐specific toxicity, with
inhibitory effects on physiological, biochemical and developmental pathways. To cope with …

Abiotic stresses generally cause a series of morphological, biochemical and molecular
changes that unfavorably affect plant growth and productivity. Among these stresses, soil …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of normal plant metabolism and their
production is elevated under environmental stresses such as drought, extreme temperature …

Acclimation of root growth is vital for plants to survive salt stress. Halophytes are great
examples of plants that thrive even under severe salinity, but their salt tolerance …