Asthma is a chronic airway disease, which affects more than 300 million people. The
pathogenesis of asthma exhibits marked heterogeneity with many phenotypes defining …

The extensive oxygen gradient between the air we breathe (P o 2~ 21 kPa) and its ultimate
distribution within mitochondria (as low as~ 0.5–1 kPa) is testament to the efforts expended …

Smoking represents a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
but it is difficult to characterize smoke-induced injury responses under physiological …

This publication introduces a series of eight other publications describing the non-clinical
assessment and initial clinical study of a candidate modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, encapsulate proteins and
microRNAs (miRNAs) as new modulators of both intercellular crosstalk and disease …

Abstract Development of physiologically relevant test methods to analyse potential irritant
effects to the respiratory tract caused by e-cigarette aerosols is required. This paper reports …

In utero, fetal lung epithelial cells actively secrete Cl− ions into the lung air spaces while Na+
ions follow passively to maintain electroneutrality. This process, driven by an …

The respiratory epithelium is intimately associated with the pathophysiologies of highly
infectious viral contagions and chronic illnesses such as chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Anti-cancer drug development is inefficient, mostly due to lack of efficacy in human patients.
The high fail rate is partly due to the lack of predictive models or the inadequate use of …

Models of the outer epithelia of the human body-namely the skin, the intestine and the lung-
have found valid applications in both research and industrial settings as attractive …