Motor cortical representation can be probed non-invasively using a transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) technique known as motor mapping. The mapping technique can …

Background: Peripherally-induced movement disorders (PIMD) should be considered when
involuntary or abnormal movements emerge shortly after an injury to a body part. A close …

The spatial accuracy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may be as small as a few
millimeters. Despite such great potential, navigated TMS (nTMS) mapping is still underused …

When people experience or expect pain, they move differently. Pain-altered movement
strategies, collectively described here as pain-related movement dysfunction (PRMD), may …

Persistence of low back pain is thought to be associated with different underlying pain
mechanisms, including ongoing nociceptive input and central sensitisation. We …

Background The human motor cortex can be mapped safely and painlessly with transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explore neurophysiology in health and disease. Human error …

Background Traditional transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping involves systematically
delivering stimuli over a predefined grid. The pseudorandom walk method seeks to improve …

Most of the motor mapping procedures using navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation
(nTMS) follow the conventional somatotopic organization of the primary motor cortex (M1) by …

Aberrant motor cortex plasticity is hypothesized to contribute to chronic musculoskeletal
pain, but evidence is limited. Critically, studies have not considered individual differences in …

Objective Although acute pain has been shown to reduce corticomotor excitability, it remains
unknown whether this response resolves over time or is related to symptom severity …