BACKGROUND Goal-directed therapy (GDT) is expected to be of highest benefit in high-risk
surgery. Therefore, GDT is recommended during oesophageal resection, which carries a …

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the most common technique for cesarean section. The
conventional local anesthetic dose has been decreasing over time to 8–12.5 mg of …

Desflurane is known to have a larger vasodilatory effect than that of sevoflurane. However,
its generalizability and effect size in actual clinical practice are yet to be proven. Patients …

Methods: American society of anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I–II patients
scheduled for robot-assisted colorectal surgery were randomised into one of two groups …

Background Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is increasingly replacing
thermodilution pulmonary artery catheters to assess hemodynamics in patients at high risk …

Background Dynamic change in central venous pressure (CVP) was associated with fluid
responsiveness. External jugular venous pressure (EJVP) may reliably estimate CVP and …

Cardiac output (CO) defines the blood flow arriving from the heart to the different organs in
the body and it is thus a primary determinant of global 02 transport. Cardiac output has …

Open abdominal procedures are associated with high levels of postoperative surgical stress
that can impede recovery of physiological functions. Trauma resulting from aggressive …

Abstract Purpose of Review The field of intraoperative hemodynamic research has rapidly
expanded over recent years as an ever increasing amount of scientific evidence has …