The rapid rise of shale gas development through horizontal drilling and high volume
hydraulic fracturing has expanded the extraction of hydrocarbon resources in the US The …

Background Natural gas has recently emerged as a relatively clean energy source that
offers the opportunity for a number of regions around the world to reduce their reliance on …

Salinization, a widespread threat to the structure and ecological functioning of inland and
coastal wetlands, is currently occurring at an unprecedented rate and geographic scale. The …

Water scarcity, expected to become more widespread in the coming years, demands
renewed attention to freshwater protection and management. Critical to this effort are the …

Since the beginning of this millennium, shale gas extraction by horizontal drilling and
hydraulic fracturing has boosted US gas production, changing the global energy markets …

In the rapidly developing shale gas industry, managing produced water is a major challenge
for maintaining the profitability of shale gas extraction while protecting public health and the …

Biocides are critical components of hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) fluids used for
unconventional shale gas development. Bacteria may cause bioclogging and inhibit gas …

The safe disposal of liquid wastes associated with oil and gas production in the United
States is a major challenge given their large volumes and typically high levels of …

The rapid increase in unconventional natural gas (UNG) development in the United States
during the past decade has brought wells and related infrastructure closer to population …

The hydrocarbon resources of shale gas and tight oil have made a significant impact on
North American energy reserves over the past decade. The production of so-called …